Characterization of Past Seasonal Climate Variability in Oromia Special Zone, North Eastern Ethiopia

This study was undertaken in oromia special zone of Amhara National Regional State to analyze past climate variability. Gridded climate data were obtained from National Meteorology Agency of Ethiopia.  Standard stastical descriptors and statistical software like Instat V3.37, MAKESENS, XLSTAT 2014 and Arc GIS 10.1 were employed for the analysis and interpretation for results. The results indicated that the OSZ experienced moderate rainfall variability in kiremt (JJAS) season and very high variability in belg (FMAM) season . Increasing trend in kiremt rainfall  while decreasing trend in belg rainfall. Except belg minimum temperature, also temperature trend increased.  The median of the start of belg season did not between March and May. The risk of getting 5,7,10 and 15 days of dry spells based on the fitted first order Markov chain probability values indicate in belg season the probability of dry spell occurrence of 10 days’ length was 60%. In kiremt season, the dry spell risk of being greater than10 day consecutive dry spells was less than 50%, and it is expected to occurred beteewen  178 DOY (June 26) to 262 DOY (Sept 18). District level of upcoming season climate information  in terms of climate variability and encourage farmers to benefit from these services, apply adaptation and mitigation strategy  are important  for reduce the challenges of cropping practices in the study area. Keywords:- Belg, Kiremt, Oromia, special Variavility DOI: 10.7176/JBAH/10-1-06 Publication date: January 31st 202

African Governance Architecture; Lessons and Recommendations for Action

What has been seen from the experiences of African countries is that a leadership style based on command and control is no longer suited for making a capable state characterized by constitutionalism This will require high-level skills combined with strong commitment and determination on the part of African leaders at large Beyond the coming into power with a limited experience African leaders are too stubborn and are attacked by rigidity and no room for dynamism in their character This situation contributes its part to the today s insecure governance structure in the continent If African leaders and the government they lead are dedicated to the rights unity and well-being of their people they will ensure the consolidation of their nation and its security which will have a cumulative transformation on the governance architecture of the continent Recently Africa needs leaders that understood the social economic and political forces that constitute the security arena and who never forget their role as an ultimate stakeholder for promoting good governance and the subsequent events of wealth creation and sustainable development in the continen

Investigations on Index Properties and Maximum Dry Density of Soils Found in Kemise Town

The objective of this research is investigations on some of the index properties and maimum dry density of soils found in Kemise town. To find the necessary information from the sub soil, geotechnical investigation on engineering properties of soil is very essential and it is one of the most important parts of Foundation engineering. However, the engineering properties of soils in the area are not studied. To achieve the central aim of this research nineteen disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were collected from eleven test pits. Thereafter, tests for engineering properties were carried out in the laboratory. The dry densities of the soil are ranges from 1.37 to 1.61 g/ , while the optimum moisture content ranges from 20 to 31%. So the dry density of cohesion less soil has relatively higher dry density than cohesive soil. According to engineering properties test results, it is concluded that the type of soils found in Kemise town is clay, silt and silty sand. The tentative soil map is prepared according to the USCS soil classification. Keywords: Investigation, Index property, Atterberg limit, Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture content, Unified Soil Classification System, Soil map

Determination of Compression Index and Coefficient of Permeability of the Soils

The main objectives of this study are determination of compression index, coefficient of permeability and over consolidation ratio of the soils. The undisturbed soil samples were prepared from four study area locations at 3m depth. The one dimensional consolidation tests were conducted in the laboratory using oedometer apparatus. The results obtained from this research shown that, the compression index value of clay is 0.26 and silt soil ranges from 0.3 to 0.4, the coefficient of permeability values ranges from  to 1510-9">  cm/sec.  The over consolidation ratio values ranges from 2.0 to 3. This shows that, the study area over loaded in the past with maximum effective stress. Keywords: Coefficient, Permeability, Over consolidation ratio, Compression, Inde

Governance and Leadership Challenges in Africa

This paper is a critical analysis of leadership and governance crises in the horn of Africa in particular and the rest part of the continent in general. It argues that Africa's failures have come largely as a result of frequent leadership change, lack of clear ideology, policy reversal and weak institutional setups. It also examines the leadership selection process in Africa and it takes the imposition pattern and that African leaders have frequently come to their position with limited experience or just the source of their authority is beyond the governed (Afegbua, 2012).. Hence, the decline in moral and discipline caused by bad and unsustainable policies, eroded professional standards and weakened the system of governance. It observes that for Africa to overcome the contemporary leadership and governance crisis, those on whom the burden of leadership will fall in the future must fully comprehend their responsibilities. Since the long term salvation of developing countries depends on the quality of its future change makers, they must also be well prepared to face the challenges of leadership in developing society. The paper concludes that only leadership that has maximum empathy for the people can be relevant to the qualitative movement of Africa

Determination of the Levels of Iron from Red, Mixed and White Teff (Eragrostis) Flour by using UV/Visible Spectrophotometery

A simple and sensitive Spectrophotometric method has been used for the determination of iron concentration in Teff flour and its concentration was compared between the different varieties. The method is based on the reaction of iron with o-phenathroline reagent at acidic condition. The absorbance-concentration plot was linear over the range 0.1-2 mg L-1 with correlation coefficient of 0.999. This method was applied successfully for determination of iron in teff flour samples. The result shows that the concentration of iron was the highest for the red teff with a value of 2472.7mg/kg, mixed teff have the next highest iron content with 1440.9 mg/kg, while white teff has the least iron concentration with 881mg/kg. This project work revealed that Red/brown teff, the least expensive form and the least preferred type, has the highest iron content. Keywords: Teff (Eragrostis), o-phenanthroline, UV/Visible Spectrophotometery

Examining the Effects of Cultural Dimensions on Deviant IS Use Behaviour in a Developing Economy Context

Information System (IS) tools and applications create opportunities for a positive digital change to all individuals and organizations in the global workplace to improve competitiveness and quality of work life. Recent studies have shown that the most problematic areas in IS security incidences are people-related factors. In this regard, employees are causing IS security risks and vulnerabilities as they use those resources, especially by exercising their legitimate and lawful rights, mainly because people are the weakest link on IS security matters. On the one hand, the effects of organizational sanctions are not always effective due to socio-cultural variabilities, and so far they have not been able to fully defend employee related IS misuse or misconduct. On the other hand, the use of neutralization techniques supports individuals to justify their deviant actions, but differently to people in different socio-cultural bases. To examine such a problem, therefore, culture as a moderator, criminological constructs and level of employees’ awareness to IS security as independent variables are employed to explain IS misuse intention in unison are proposed through a comprehensive conceptual research model. A positivist research paradigm using a cross-sectional quantitative survey data collection approach will be adapted to help empirically test the model. To validate the model and its constructs, the study will apply SEM-PLS data analysis techniques using Smart-PLS and SPSS with Amos. Finally, this study in progress discusses the potential practical and theoretical contributions and plans to provide scientific evidence based on its findings

Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study on Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) Complexes with N,N-di (o-hydroxybenzenoylmethylene) ethylenediamine

The Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes with a tetradentate ligan

Meteorological drought assessment in north east highlands of Ethiopia

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the patterns and trends of drought incidence in north east highlands of Ethiopia using monthly rainfall record for the period 1984-2014. Design/methodology/approach – Standard precipitation index and Mann – Kendal test were used to analyze drought incident and trends of drought occurrences, respectively. The spatial extent of droughts in the study area has been interpolated by inverse distance weighted method using the spatial analyst tool of ArcGIS. Findings – Most of the studied stations experienced drought episodes in 1984, 1987/1988, 1992/1993, 1999, 2003/2004 and 2007/2008 which were among the worst drought years in the history of Ethiopia. The year 1984 was the most drastic and distinct-wide extreme drought episode in all studied stations. The Mann–Kendal test shows an increasing tendencies of drought at three-month (spring) timescale at all stations though significant (p < 0.05) only at Mekaneselam and decreasing tendencies at three-month (summer) and 12-month timescales at all stations. The frequency of total drought was the highest in central and north parts of the region in all study seasons. Originality/value – This detail drought characterization can be used as bench mark to take comprehensive drought management measures such as early warning system, preparation and contingency planning, climate change adaptation programs